What is a primary characteristic of a competitive sale?

A primary characteristic of a competitive sale is the selection of the underwriter based on the lowest bid. In a competitive sale, multiple underwriters submit bids to purchase bonds, and the issuer typically awards the bonds to the underwriter who offers the best terms—often the lowest true interest cost or the largest premium. This process fosters competition among underwriters and aims to achieve the best financial outcome for the issuer.

The other options do not accurately describe characteristics of a competitive sale. In a competitive sale, the terms are generally not negotiated beforehand, as this would imply a more negotiated or private sale process. External advisors may also be involved in competitive sales to ensure best practices and regulatory compliance. Finally, competitive sales target a broader range of bidders, not just a single investor, promoting greater competition and potentially better pricing for the issuer.